Steve McQueen (born October 9, 1969, Ealing, near London, England) is a British director, screenwriter, and artist best known to the general public for his feature-length commercial films Hunger (2008), Shame (2011), and 12 Years a Slave (2013).
McQueen was born to a Grenadan father and a Trinidadian mother, both of whom had immigrated to England. He studied art in London at the Chelsea College of Art and Design (1989–90) and at Goldsmiths College (1990–93; now Goldsmiths, University of London), where he developed an enthusiasm for film. That interest took him to Tisch School of the Arts, New York University, in New York City, but he was unhappy there, and he left after three months. He nonetheless continued to make art, including photographs, sculptures, short films, and installations. His early films included the ambiguous short black-and-white silent film Bear (1993), in which two naked men square off; Exodus (1997), a one-minute-long Super 8 film following the movements of two men carrying potted palm trees through crowded London streets; Deadpan (1997; winner of the Turner Prize in 1999), the filmmaker’s take on a scene from Buster Keaton’s Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928); and Drumroll (1998), in which the viewer sees the effects of the artist rolling an oil drum containing three cameras filming the New York City streets.
McQueen continued to make art and to exhibit his work, but he admitted, after a time, to being bored with the art world. In 2003 he was commissioned by the Imperial War Museum and the Manchester International Festival to create an artwork that honoured the service of the British armed forces in Iraq. He produced Queen and Country (2007), an oak cabinet with pull-outs containing a series of 160 facsimile postage-stamp sheet blocks. Each sheet block commemorates one soldier, showing multiple images of a single family-supplied photograph together with the soldier’s name, rank, regiment, age, and death date. The images are presented in chronological order of death. (McQueen considered the work incomplete until the stamps were issued for everyday use by the Royal Mail, which the RM declined to do.)
By his own account, the year of his commission as official war artist of the Iraq War was also the year in which he started thinking about making his first feature-length commercial film, Hunger (winner of the Cannes film festival’s Caméra d’Or). Using long takes, claustrophobic camera angles, and much human silence, the film chillingly tells the story of the last days of the Irish nationalist Bobby Sands (played by Michael Fassbender), who undertook a hunger strike at Maze prison and starved himself to death there in 1981. McQueen represented the U.K. at the 2009 Venice Biennale with a film (Giardini) made off-season in the Giardini (municipal gardens) section of Venice, where the U.K. pavilion for the Biennale was sited. He released his second commercial movie, Shame, in 2011. Its somewhat transgressive subject was the story of a man’s sex addiction. Again McQueen used Fassbender as his lead actor. In 2013 McQueen’s film 12 Years a Slave was released. It starred Chiwetel Ejiofor in the role of Solomon Northup, who wrote the book of the same name about his own experience as an American free Black man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery. In 2014 the film won a Golden Globe Award; it also received an Academy Award for best picture, and McQueen was nominated for best director. His next feature, Widows (2018), which he wrote with best-selling author Gillian Flynn, received wide acclaim for transcending the heist genre to offer a complex narrative of race, class, and gender. McQueen then cowrote and directed the anthology film series Small Axe (2020) for Amazon. The five installments centre on the West Indian community in London.
McQueen’s other projects include Soundtrack of America, a five-night concert series staged during the inaugural program at The Shed, a cultural institution that opened in New York City in 2019. Collaborating with a team of music advisers that included Quincy Jones, McQueen directed a succession of performances paying homage to the history of African American music. In 2023 his short film Grenfell (2019) was shown on a loop at the Serpentine Gallery, London. The work comprises footage McQueen took of the ruins of Grenfell Tower six months after the 2017 fire. The blaze ripped through the 24-story housing estate in London, and within a few hours it killed 72 people, injured some 100 individuals, and exposed the inequalities of housing in Britain.
McQueen, who received many awards for his commercial films at various film festivals throughout the world, was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2002 and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2011. He was knighted in the 2020 New Year Honours list.